World-renowned cheese expert, Kiwi Juliet Harbutt's guide to the seven types of cheeses and how to serve them

When serving a cheeseboard

1. Serve either one fabulous cheese or a selection of five or seven generous chunks — one from each of the main types of cheeses (see below).

2. Avoid too many small pieces of cheese or offering too-similar cheeses.

3. Serve with bread and plain crackers, just not so many that you can’t see the cheese. Too many accompaniments will dominate and won’t improve the cheese.

4. Add a little quince paste to cleanse the palate, maybe new season walnuts and, if it’s cheddar and lunchtime, a few cornichons and a bit of chutney.

5. Serve up elegant accompaniements such as honey, walnuts, grapes and a fruit chutney or jam, read Warren Elwin's cheese accompaniments article. 

The seven main types of cheese

The character of a cheese can usually be judged by a glance at its cover or rind and an occasional squeeze. From this brief encounter you can learn to judge its texture, strength of flavour, basic character and, with a little practice, its maturity. Using the "rind'' method, you can categorise 99 per cent of all cheeses into one of the following.

Fresh cheeses (no rind)

Only 1-15 days old without time to develop a rind and only a subtle "lactic'', fermenting fruit flavour with a hint of the green pastures. Often wrapped in chestnut leaves, rolled in ash or covered in herbs. Examples: cream cheese, ricotta, feta, mozzarella

Aged fresh cheese (grey-blue with wrinkly rinds)

Some fresh cheeses are left to drain and dry out gradually, developing a bluish-grey mould, a wrinkled rind and more pronounced flavour. These are most typically found in France and usually made with goat’s milk. Examples: chevrolait from Crescent Dairy and imported from the Loire Valley, from goat’s milk: crottin de chavignol, pyramid, chabicou, coeur du Berry

Soft white (white fuzzy rind)

The curd retains much of the whey, ensuring the cheese becomes soft and creamy and grows a white mould, penicillin candidum. Unpasteurised varieties develop a reddish-brown ferment on the rind whereas pasteurised versions are more 'Persil' white in appearance. Those made by adding cream to the milk are outrageously luxurious in taste and texture, such as explorateur, brillat savarin. Examples: camembert, Capricorn goat

Semi-soft (brown-orange to grey-brown)

The moist curd is placed in moulds and lightly pressed to speed up draining. Various moulds develop, which are regularly brushed off building up a thickish rind, protecting the cheese and allowing it to mature. Some are "washed' creating an orange/pink rind with a strong, piquant  lavour and aroma, like langres, stinking bishop, epoisses and dirty devil. Examples: edam, pont l'eveque, young gouda, colby, egmont.

Hard (thick, dense rind often waxed or oiled)

The curd is cut finely, then heated in vats before the whey is drained off. The curd is cut again or even "milled'' and piled on top of itself to remove even more of the whey — this process is called cheddaring. The curd is salted, packed in moulds lined with cheesecloth and firmly pressed. Examples: cheddar, wensleydale, parmigiano reggiano

Blue (gritty, rough, dry or sticky)

The blue moulds, P. glaucum or P. Roqueforti are added to the milk but need oxygen to develop their colour. This is achieved by piercing the cheese with rods. The blue then grows along the tunnel, cracks and trails between the roughly packed curd. Examples: stilton, roquefort, gorgonzola

Flavour added (barely formed rind)

Hard cheeses to which ingredients are added to the curd or rubbed into the rind such as nuts, fruit, spices, herbs, hops and nettles; these include smoked cheeses. Blended cheeses are made by breaking up young cheeses, combining them with various sweet or savoury ingredients then reforming them. A rapidly developing product, these offer an alternative for those who like dessert or who are not sure they like cheese. Examples: stilton with apricots, cornish yarg, smoked cheddar

Recipe collection

For ideas on what to serve on a cheeseboard alongside the cheeses, head to our For the cheeseboard collection. 

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